what is statistics

Let us study about statistics,
Statistics as a discipline is the development and application of methods to collect, analyze and interpret data. Modern statistical methods involve the design and analysis of experiments and surveys, the quantification of biological, social and scientific phenomenon and the application of statistical principles to understand more about the world around us. Since data are used in most areas of human endeavor, the theory and methods of modern statistics have been applied to a wide variety of fields. Some areas that use modern statistical methods are the medical, biological and social sciences, economics, finance, marketing research, manufacturing and management, government, research institutes and many more. Exciting new areas are opening up, due to developments in areas such as biotechnology, survey research and computing.

The Department of Statistics is involved in research, teaching, and statistical consulting for the entire University. Because of its activities, the collaborative work with other disciplines give graduate students a wide range of opportunities to work with individuals in these disciplines and to learn practical applications of statistical principles from direct experience.
I hope the above explanation was useful, now let me explain about Probability.

Frequency Distribution

Let us study about Frequency Distribution,
Frequency distributions are like frequency polygons; however, instead of straight lines, a frequency distribution uses a smooth curve to connect the points and, similar to a graph, is plotted on two axes: The horizontal axis from left to right (or x axis) indicates the different possible values of some variable (a phenomenon where observations vary from trial to trial). The vertical axis from bottom to top (or y axis) measures frequency or how many times a particular value occurs.

For example, in Figure 1 , the x axis might indicate annual income (the values would be in thousands of dollars); the y axis might indicate frequency (millions of people or percentage of working population). Notice that in Figure 1 the highest percentage of the working population would thus have an annual income in the middle of the dollar values. The lowest percentages would be at the extremes of the values: nearly 0 and extremely high.

Figure 1

A symmetric bell curve.

Notice that this frequency curve displays perfect symmetry; that is, one half (the left side) is the mirror image of the other half (the right side). A bell-shaped or mound-shaped curve is also normal, giving it special properties.
I hope the above explanation was useful.

Dot Plot

Let me explain what is meant by "Dot Plot",
Dot plots are similar to bar graphs. Typically used for a small set of values, a dot plot uses a dot for each unit of measurement; thus, the undergraduate expense data in Table 1 could be represented by a dot plot like that shown in Figure 1 .


Figure 1 : Dot plot of the expenditures of a college undergraduate for the past year.
Hope the above explanation was useful.